#031 Mar 20, 2026

31. HashMap's entry API

Want to insert a value into a HashMap only if the key doesn’t exist yet? Skip the double lookup — use the entry API.

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use std::collections::HashMap;

let mut scores: HashMap<&str, Vec<u32>> = HashMap::new();

// Instead of checking .contains_key() then inserting:
scores.entry("alice")
    .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
    .push(100);

scores.entry("alice")
    .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
    .push(200);

assert_eq!(scores["alice"], vec![100, 200]);

The entry API returns an Entry enum — either Occupied or Vacant. The convenience methods make common patterns a one-liner:

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use std::collections::HashMap;

let mut word_count: HashMap<&str, usize> = HashMap::new();
let words = ["hello", "world", "hello", "rust", "hello"];

for word in words {
    *word_count.entry(word).or_insert(0) += 1;
}

// hello => 3, world => 1, rust => 1

or_insert(val) inserts a default, or_insert_with(|| val) lazily computes it, and or_default() uses the type’s Default. All three return a mutable reference to the value, so you can update in place.

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